When the hydraulic station of the hydraulic system is started at low temperatures below 15°C (or a certain temperature value required by some hydraulic systems), an electric heater needs to be configured to raise the working medium to an appropriate value and reduce its viscosity, facilitating the hydraulic pump's oil suction and startup. During the design of the hydraulic station, the electric heater must be selected by the designer based on actual usage requirements. Key parameters must be controlled during selection to avoid damage to the working medium and safety hazards. Below is a brief analysis of the design, selection, and use of common electric heaters.
1 Selection of Immersion Tubular Electric Heater
1.1 Selection Basis for Immersion Tubular Electric Heater
1) Surface Load
Surface load, i.e., the power per unit area on the heating surface, also known as area heat dissipation power or surface power density, mainly relates to the thermal stability of the heated hy
draulic working fluid. Excessive surface load can cause aging of the hydraulic working medium and safety issues. When selecting, the main considerations are whether the heater is installed in a non-flowing or flowing medium (e.g., some hydraulic stations have their own circulation system, and the heater is installed in the circulation pipeline) and the type of hydraulic working medium. Refer to the relevant standards and recommended regulations as shown in the following chart; or contact the manufacturer of the working medium to determine the appropriate surface load range.
Table1 Surface Load
| Surface Load W/cm2 | Heating Medium, Heating Characteristics and Code | Metal Tube Material and Grade |
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